The Impact of Ethical Leadership and Human Resource Management Practices on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Government Organizations: The Mediating Role of Ethical Climate and Job Satisfaction

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the impact of Ethical Leadership and Human Resource Management practices on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in governmental institutions, and to examine the mediating roles of both ethical climate and job satisfaction in this relationship. The study employed the cross-sectional correlational approach to achieve its objectives. A questionnaire was developed as a data collection tool consisting of (62) paragraphs distributed over the study variables. The study tool was distributed to a simple random sample of 200 employees working in the Palestinian government governorate offices. (175) questionnaires were restored, with a response rate of (87.5%), all of which were valid for statistical analysis. This rate is high and within the acceptable limits in social studies. The study data were analyzed through a set of statistical methods to analyze data and test hypotheses using SPSS and Smart PLS programs. The results showed a positive impact of both ethical leaderships on ethical climate and human resource management on both job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. Conversely, the results did not find a direct impact of ethical leadership on organizational citizenship behavior. The results also confirmed that ethical climate mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behavior (holistically), and that job satisfaction mediates the relationship (partially) between human resource management and organizational citizenship behavior. The study recommended that top management in government institutions focus on variables that have been proven to have a direct impact on organizational citizenship behavior: human resource management, ethical climate, and job satisfaction. These variables are strategic tools through which this behavior can be enhanced and employee loyalty and initiative can be raised, which will positively impact the quality of public service.