Building and codifying optimism and pessimism measures for players of elite clubs in the Premier Volleyball League

Abstract

The research aims: Building optimism and pessimism scales for volleyball players, and the sports season 2021-2022, scores and standard levels for the scale. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the descriptive method is followed by the survey method The research community was also selected from the Premier League players for the 2021-2022 season, numbering 104 players representing 13 teams. As for the research sample, the researchers chose the whole community, as the sample was divided into reconnaissance (10), a building sample (44), and a legalization sample (50). The researchers drafted the paragraphs in proportion to the volleyball player, and then extracted the scientific foundations for it, and after extracting the scientific foundations The researchers reached the standard scores and levels, and the researchers reached some conclusions and recommendations. It was reached to build a measure of optimism and pessimism. The standard grades and levels of the scale were determined, and the two researchers recommended the need to provide all means and methods for the players and their continuous guidance for optimism. The need to conduct other studies on a sample different from the current sample.