Palestine Technical University Research Journal

The Impact of Enhancing Financial Inclusion on Achieving Financial Stability: An Applied Study on Palestinian Banks

2025-10-04T14:51:52+00:00

The current study aims to identify the impact of the dimensions of financial inclusion represented by access (banking penetration) and utilization (SME loans) on financial stability in Palestine, expressed through three indicators: Zscore, non-performing loans, and return on equity, with internal control variables: bank liquidity, operational efficiency, and external control variables: inflation rate, GDP growth rate, and crises. To achieve the objective of the study, the quantitative method was used by collecting secondary data extracted from the annual reports of Palestinian local banks and the reports of the Palestinian Monetary Authority during the study years (2006-2023). The study found that there is no impact of the first financial inclusion variable, banking penetration on financial stability expressed by Zscore and non-performing loans, while it has a positive impact on the third financial stability indicator, return on equity rate, as for the second financial inclusion variable, SME loans. The study recommends conducting research in countries with contexts similar to Palestine, and incorporating additional variables related to financial inclusion.

The Extent of Application of the Kaizen Strategy for Continuous Improvement from the Perspective of Palestinian School Principals: A Qualitative Study

2025-10-08T06:59:30+00:00

The study aimed to identify the reality of the application of the Kaizen strategy for continuous improvement by school principals in the northern West Bank governorates, as one of the most important modern management methods. The researcher followed the qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews with a sample of twenty-two male and female principals of government schools in the northern West Bank governorates, who were selected using the available method. The results showed that there is a weakness among principals in modern management concepts, including the Kaizen strategy for continuous improvement, where the researcher felt the ambiguity of the concept among the principals, and through interviews it was found that principals apply some Kaizen principles routinely as part of their duties, but without knowledge and awareness as a modern management strategy or method, it was also found that the manifestations of the principals‘ application of the Kaizen strategy for continuous improvement came in varying proportions, where good planning for improvement and analysing the reality of the school occupied the highest percentage among the principals’ answers, and the results also showed that the obstacles to the application of the Kaizen strategy for improvement came within four obstacles, namely administrative, human, material and technical, and the requirements for applying the Kaizen strategy included five requirements, namely: Administrative requirements such as realistic plans with a clear vision, and technical requirements such as the availability of a qualified team to work with modern technologies, the requirements also included a qualified and harmonious human team to work in the school environment, in addition to the organisational requirements of a positive organisational climate, in addition to the material requirements of the availability of facilities, infrastructure and equipment. In conclusion, the study recommended instilling a culture of continuous improvement in the management of educational institutions, it also recommended conducting further studies on the impact of applying the Kaizen strategy in management, both on motivation and performance.

The Role of Digital Learning in Developing Future Skills from the Perspective of Educational Supervisors in the Sultanate of Oman

2025-10-04T15:14:21+00:00

The research aims to reveal the knowledge of the role of digital learning in developing future skills from the point of view of educational supervisors, as well as to identify the extent of the existence of statistically significant differences in the role of digital learning in developing future skills (applied and technical) according to the variables of gender, specialization, number of years of experience, educational level, and educational governorate. The researchers used the descriptive approach. To answer the study questions, the researchers applied a questionnaire on the role of digital learning in developing future skills consisting of (47) paragraphs, divided into two areas (applied future skills and technical future skills), to a sample consisting of (136) educational supervisors. The results of the study came as follows: The following dimensions: (creativity and innovation, effective communication (oral and written), teamwork and cooperation, critical thinking, flexibility and adaptation) received a very high evaluation score for each area. The following dimensions: (problem solving, leadership, and initiative) received a high evaluation score for each area. All future skills (technical) received a very high evaluation score for each skill. There are statistically significant differences in the role of digital learning in developing future skills (applied) from the point of view of the educational supervisors' viewpoint is attributed to the gender variable, in favor of males. There are no statistically significant differences in the role of digital learning in developing future skills (applied) from the educational supervisors' viewpoint, attributed to the variables (specialization, number of years of experience, educational level). There are no statistically significant differences in the role of digital learning in developing future skills (technical) from the educational supervisors' viewpoint, attributed to the variables (specialization, gender, number of years of experience, educational level). The researcher recommends supporting schools with an integrated digital infrastructure, enhancing the role of digital learning in developing future skills (applied and technical) in classroom situations for teachers in basic education schools in the Sultanate of Oman, providing continuous training for teachers in the use of modern technology, various digital programs and platforms, and in teaching strategies that develop students' future skills through the Specialized Institute for Vocational Training for Teachers, and telecommunications companies: providing a strong internet network in schools and in all villages and governorates of the Sultanate of Oman.

The influence of the October 7, 2023 War on the Education of Students with Special Needs: A Qualitative Study on a Sample of Resource Room Teachers in Ramallah Governorate

2025-10-17T17:11:38+00:00

This study aims to investigate the influence of the October 7, 2023 war on the education of students with special needs from the perspective of resource room teachers in Ramallah Governorate and to propose solutions to ensure the continuity of special education services. The researcher conducted face-to-face interviews with special education teachers working in resource rooms in public schools under the Ministry of Education. A purposive sample of ten resource room teachers in Ramallah was interviewed. The researcher employed a qualitative descriptive approach in this study. The findings revealed several key points: the October 7 war significantly affected the education of students with special needs and the educational services provided to them; it damaged the infrastructure of institutions offering special education services; and it led to the loss of many qualified personnel capable of teaching students with special needs. The study also highlighted the importance of technology and artificial intelligence applications in educating students with special needs during conflicts and wars.One of the main recommendations of the study is to establish platforms that enable remote learning for students with special needs.

The Reality of Rehabilitation of People with Motor Disabilities in Palestinian Centers: Qualitative Study

2025-10-22T11:09:26+00:00

The study aimed to identify the reality of rehabilitation of people with motor disabilities in Palestinian rehabilitation centers. Using the qualitative method and the descriptive-interpretive approach, a set of in-depth interviews were conducted with six people with motor disabilities, who were selected by intentional sampling according to the variables of gender, age, educational level, income, cause and type of disability. The results showed a positive impact of rehabilitation in improving the psychological state of the beneficiaries and providing them with many skills. The results indicated the need of the target group to cover the costs of physical and occupational therapy and medications, and to provide support tools such as crutches, bathroom chairs, home wheelchairs, prosthetic devices, and maintenance of prosthetic limbs. The in-depth interviews revealed the presence of a group of problems that appear during the rehabilitation phase, namely: material problems represented by many expenses that constitute a large burden; physical problems including fatigue and constant pain; psychological problems including difficulty adapting to disability; social problems including difficulty participating in activities; environmental problems including difficulty using public transportation; and health problems such as ulcers and problems with blood circulation as a result of Due to the lack of mobility, educational problems, including the unsuitability of some educational institutions to their needs, and legal problems related to the failure to implement some laws that guarantee their rights, the study reached a number of recommendations, most notably: activating laws to protect them, and supporting rehabilitation centers financially, technically, and professionally.

Environmental and Social Challenges of the War on Gaza and Their Impact on the E-Learning Experience of Al-Aqsa University Students

2025-11-06T10:19:58+00:00

The study aimed to explore the implications of environmental and social challenges resulting from the war on Gaza since October 7, 2023, on the e-learning experience of Al-Aqsa University students. It adopted a descriptive-analytical approach and used a standardized questionnaire comprising 23 items distributed across three domains: environmental challenges, social challenges, and e-learning efficiency. The study was applied to a sample of 298 students from the Faculty of Education. The results revealed a significant impact of environmental challenges, particularly power outages and poor internet connectivity, and social challenges, such as psychological stress, alongside a low e-learning efficiency. The findings indicated statistically significant differences based on place of residence, with students in displacement camps facing greater challenges, and a significant negative correlation between environmental and social challenges and e-learning efficiency. The study recommended improving technical infrastructure, providing offline educational platforms, designing flexible educational programs for displaced students, and integrating psychological support modules into e-learning platforms.

The Impact of Ethical Leadership and Human Resource Management Practices on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Government Organizations: The Mediating Role of Ethical Climate and Job Satisfaction

2025-11-24T10:52:21+00:00

The study aimed to investigate the impact of Ethical Leadership and Human Resource Management practices on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in governmental institutions, and to examine the mediating roles of both ethical climate and job satisfaction in this relationship. The study employed the cross-sectional correlational approach to achieve its objectives. A questionnaire was developed as a data collection tool consisting of (62) paragraphs distributed over the study variables. The study tool was distributed to a simple random sample of 200 employees working in the Palestinian government governorate offices. (175) questionnaires were restored, with a response rate of (87.5%), all of which were valid for statistical analysis. This rate is high and within the acceptable limits in social studies. The study data were analyzed through a set of statistical methods to analyze data and test hypotheses using SPSS and Smart PLS programs. The results showed a positive impact of both ethical leaderships on ethical climate and human resource management on both job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. Conversely, the results did not find a direct impact of ethical leadership on organizational citizenship behavior. The results also confirmed that ethical climate mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behavior (holistically), and that job satisfaction mediates the relationship (partially) between human resource management and organizational citizenship behavior. The study recommended that top management in government institutions focus on variables that have been proven to have a direct impact on organizational citizenship behavior: human resource management, ethical climate, and job satisfaction. These variables are strategic tools through which this behavior can be enhanced and employee loyalty and initiative can be raised, which will positively impact the quality of public service.

Obstacles Facing Swimming Teaching and Training Academies at Palestine

2025-11-24T10:42:37+00:00

This study aimed to identify the Obstacles facing swimming teaching and training academies in Palestine and to examine differences in these Obstacles according to gender, years of experience, and training/teaching location. A descriptive–analytical design was employed. The sample comprised 130 coaches (male and female) working in academies and swimming pools across in Palestine. The findings showed that the overall level of problems was high (M ≈ 4.15). The domains ranked as follows: resource/facility-related Obstacles came first (very high), followed by coach/instructor-related Obstacles, then coordination with the federation, then parent-related Obstacles, and finally learner-related Obstacles (high). No statistically significant differences were found by gender or training/teaching location, whereas significant differences appeared in favor of the group with 10 years of experience or more. In light of these results, the study recommends raising institutional readiness of pools and equipment; developing human resources through professional training, lifesaving/first-aid, and managing aqua phobia; strengthening governance and coordination with the federation to standardize standards and accreditation; and providing logistical and financial support to facilitate enrollment and regular attendance, thereby improving educational outcomes.

Assessing the Reality of E-Learning during Emergencies and Crises from the Perspective of Palestinian University Students in the Gaza Strip

2025-12-05T14:22:38+00:00

The study aimed to identify the evaluation of the reality of e-learning during emergencies and crises from the perspective of Palestinian university students in the Gaza Strip. To achieve the study objectives, the descriptive analytical approach was used. The study population consisted of all students from the Palestinian universities in the Gaza Strip (Al-Azhar, Al-Aqsa, and Islamic Universities). The study sample, selected by the stratified random method, consisted of (300) male and female students. The results showed that the reality of e-learning in Gaza Strip universities during emergencies is generally moderate, but it faces significant challenges. The most prominent challenges, from the students' perspective, are electricity outages and weak infrastructure and technical readiness, in addition to the lack of digital competence among faculty members. Psychological conditions and the absence of a suitable study environment also negatively affect the learning experience. The results of the hypotheses analysis, upon examining the differences according to demographic variables, revealed statistically significant differences in students' evaluations based on specialization and academic qualification. Postgraduate students and those in scientific disciplines tended to be more negative in their evaluations, reflecting the variation in their needs and expectations during crises.

Numerical Solution of Traffic Flow Model via an Adaptive IMEX–Crank–Nicolson Hybrid Scheme with MATLAB

2026-01-04T10:38:59+00:00

This paper describes an Adaptive IMEX-Crank-Nicolson (A-IMEX-CN) hybrid scheme for the numerical solution of the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) traffic flow model. The proposed method couples a two-step explicit Godunov predictor with an implicit Crank-Nicolson corrector, enhanced with an adaptive time-stepping strategy based on the local Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition and a defect estimator. With this kind of hybrid approach, there is a possibility to avoid problems that traditional methods suffer from: explicit methods have strict stability bounds while implicit methods involve very expensive nonlinear solves and may be affected by numerical diffusion. The A-IMEX-CN reaches second-order time accuracy, allowing far larger time steps with respect to stable explicit schemes while reducing computational costs compared to fully implicit methods. Numerical tests with smooth and discontinuous initial conditions are given, which confirm robustness and efficiency, enabling the realization of real-time and large-scale traffic flow simulations.

The Reality of Employing Microsoft Teams Platform in Palestinian Government Schools from Teachers' Perspectives: A Field Study on Application Obstacles and Development Pathways

2026-02-15T08:26:57+00:00

The present study aimed to identify the reality of using Microsoft Teams in Palestinian government schools from the teachers' perspective. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach for data collection, and the study sample was randomly selected, consisting of (69) male and female teachers from the schools of the Shaqba and Aboud clusters. The study instrument was a questionnaire containing (29) items to evaluate teachers' opinions on using the application. The results of the study revealed no statistically significant differences in the mean responses of teachers regarding the use of the Microsoft Teams platform in Palestinian government schools attributable to the variables of academic qualification, gender, years of experience, or educational stage, as the significance values were greater than (0.05) across all domains. This indicates homogeneity in the sample members' opinions regardless of these variables, thus reinforcing the acceptance of the null hypothesis in all cases, The study recommends enhancing equitable training for teachers on using the platform, regardless of their experience or specializations, to ensure the effective application of the platform in the educational process.

Work Stressors and Their Relationship to Organizational Silence among Physical Education Teachers in the Sultanate of Oman

2026-03-18T20:56:46+00:00

This study aimed to identify the sources of job stress and examine their relationship with organizational silence among school physical education teachers in the Sultanate of Oman. A descriptive analytical survey design was employed, using a questionnaire administered to a random sample of 96 teachers.The results showed that the overall levels of both job stress and organizational silence were moderate. A statistically significant positive relationship was found between job stress and organizational silence (α ≤ 0.05), indicating that increased job stress is associated with greater organizational silence. Significant gender differences were observed in organizational silence in favor of male teachers (p < 0.05), whereas no significant gender differences were found in job stress (p > 0.05).The study recommends incorporating qualitative approaches in future research to enhance understanding of the underlying dynamics of job stress and organizational silence. It also highlights the need to promote a supportive school climate that fosters open communication and teacher participation in decision-making in order to reduce organizational silence and improve the professional school environment.